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Caterpillar Diesel Engines can operate effectively in cold weather. However, engine operation in cold weather is dependent on the type of fuel used and how well the fuel moves through fuel related components. The purpose of this section is to explain some of the problems and steps that can be taken to minimize fuel problems during cold weather operation, when the engine area is colder than 5°C (40°F).Fuel and the Effect from Cold Weather
The two types of diesel fuel available for your engine are typically grades No. 1 and No. 2. No. 2 diesel fuel is the most commonly used fuel. No. 1 diesel fuel, or a blend of No. 1 and No. 2, is best suited for cold weather operation.Quantities of No. 1 diesel fuel are limited, and generally only available during the winter months in the colder climates. During cold weather operation, if No. 1 fuel is unavailable, it may be necessary to use No. 2 diesel fuel.There are three major differences between No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuel. No. 1 diesel fuel has: * a lower cloud point* a lower pour point* a lower BTU (kJ) (heat content) rating per unit volume of fuel than the average No. 2 diesel fuel.When using No. 1 diesel fuel, you may notice a drop in power and fuel efficiency. You should not experience any other operating effects.The cloud point is the temperature at which a cloud or haze of wax crystals begins to form in the fuel and cause fuel filters to plug. The pour point is the temperature which diesel fuel begins to thicken and be more resistant to flow through fuel pumps and lines.Be aware of these fuel values when purchasing your diesel fuel. Anticipate the average outside (ambient) temperature for the area your engine will be operating. Engines fueled in one climate may not operate satisfactorily if moved to another because of problems that result from cold weather.Before troubleshooting for low power or poor performance in winter months, check the type of fuel being used.When No. 2 diesel fuel is used: starting aids, engine oil pan heaters, engine coolant heaters, fuel heaters, and fuel line insulation also provide a means of minimizing starting and fuel problems in cold weather.Fuel Related Components in Cold Weather
Fuel Tanks
Condensation can form in partially filled fuel tanks. Top off fuel tanks before leaving overnight.Fuel tanks should contain some provision for draining water and sediment from the bottom of the tanks. Some fuel tanks use supply pipes that allow water and sediment to settle below the end of the fuel supply pipe.Some fuel tanks use supply lines that take fuel directly from the bottom of the tank. If equipped with this system, regular maintenance of the fuel system filter(s) is important.Check the fuel level in the day tank daily by observing the sight gauge. Drain the water and sediment from any fuel storage tank weekly, at the oil change period, and before the fuel tank is refilled. This will help