Information injection-pump assembly
BOSCH
9 460 612 017
9460612017
ZEXEL
104740-0623
1047400623

Rating:
Components :
0. | INJECTION-PUMP ASSEMBLY | 104740-0623 |
1. | _ | |
2. | FUEL INJECTION PUMP | 104640-0623 |
3. | NUMBER PLATE | 146964-4500 |
4. | _ | |
5. | CAPSULE | 146620-0120 |
6. | ADJUSTING DEVICE | |
7. | NOZZLE AND HOLDER ASSY | 105141-2271 |
8. | Nozzle and Holder | SE08 13 640 |
9. | Open Pre:MPa(Kqf/cm2) | 13.2{135} |
10. | NOZZLE-HOLDER | 105071-0591 |
11. | NOZZLE | 105000-1850 |
Scheme ###:
1/6. | [1] | 146601-0900 | PACKING RING |
6. | [1] | 146100-0020 | SUPPLY PUMP |
9. | [1] | 146103-0000 | COVER |
10. | [2] | 139104-0000 | FLAT-HEAD SCREW |
12. | [1] | 146200-0020 | DRIVE SHAFT |
12/1. | [1] | 146200-0000 | DRIVE SHAFT |
12/2. | [1] | 146201-0000 | WOODRUFF KEY |
12/3. | [2] | 146202-0100 | DAMPER |
12/4. | [1] | 146203-0000 | TOOTHED GEAR |
17. | [1] | 146204-0000 | PLAIN WASHER |
20. | [1] | 146210-4620 | ROLLER SET |
24. | [1] | 146303-0100 | BEARING PIN |
25. | [1] | 146304-0000 | BEARING PIN |
26. | [1] | 146305-0000 | CLAMPING BAND |
27. | [1] | 146205-0000 | SLOTTED WASHER |
29. | [1] | 146220-3920 | CAM PLATE |
30. | [1] | 146600-0800 | O-RING |
31. | [1] | 146300-0600 | PUMP PLUNGER |
32. | [1] | 146301-0000 | SLIDING PIECE |
33. | [1] | 146603-0700 | SHIM D17.5&7.5T0.60 |
34. | [1] | 146302-3500 | COMPRESSION SPRING |
34B. | [1] | 146302-3400 | COMPRESSION SPRING |
34C. | [1] | 146302-4200 | COMPRESSION SPRING |
35/1. | [0] | 146603-0700 | SHIM D17.5&7.5T0.60 |
35/1. | [0] | 146603-0800 | SHIM D17.5&7.5T0.70 |
35/1. | [0] | 146603-0900 | SHIM D17.5&7.5T0.90 |
35/1. | [0] | 146603-1000 | SHIM D17.5&7.5T1.00 |
35/1. | [0] | 146603-1100 | SHIM D17.5&7.5T1.20 |
35/1. | [0] | 146603-3600 | SHIM D17.5&7.5T2.40 |
36. | [1] | 146600-0800 | O-RING |
37. | [1] | 146310-0700 | COVER |
38. | [2] | 146620-5000 | BLEEDER SCREW |
39. | [1] | 146310-0100 | COVER |
40. | [2] | 146620-5000 | BLEEDER SCREW |
43. | [1] | 146230-0000 | SHIM |
44. | [1] | 146230-0100 | PLAIN WASHER |
45. | [1] | 146231-0001 | SLOTTED WASHER |
47. | [2] | 146233-0000 | SLOTTED WASHER |
48/1. | [1] | 146603-0000 | SHIM D17.0&5.2T0.50 |
48/1. | [1] | 146603-0100 | SHIM D17.0&5.2T0.80 |
48/1. | [1] | 146603-0200 | SHIM D17.0&5.2T1.00 |
48/1. | [1] | 146603-0300 | SHIM D17.0&5.2T1.20 |
48/1. | [1] | 146603-0400 | SHIM D17.0&5.2T1.50 |
48/1. | [1] | 146603-0500 | SHIM D17.0&5.2T1.80 |
48/1. | [1] | 146603-0600 | SHIM D17.0&5.2T2.00 |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-1400 | SHIM D17&5.2T0.9 |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-1500 | SHIM D17&5.2T1.1 |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-1600 | SHIM D17&5.2T1.3 |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-1700 | SHIM D17&5.2T1.4 |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-1800 | SHIM D17&5.2T1.6 |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-1900 | SHIM D17&5.2T1.7 |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-5800 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-5900 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-6000 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-6100 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-6200 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-6300 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-6400 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-6500 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-6600 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-6700 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-6800 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-6900 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-7000 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-7100 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-7200 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-7300 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-7400 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-7500 | SHIM |
48/1. | [1] | 146690-7800 | SHIM |
49. | [2] | 146234-0020 | GUIDE PIN |
50. | [1] | 146403-0520 | HYDRAULIC HEAD |
50. | [1] | 146403-0520 | HYDRAULIC HEAD |
50. | [1] | 146403-0520 | HYDRAULIC HEAD |
51. | [1] | 146600-0000 | O-RING |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-0000 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T1.90 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-0100 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T1.92 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-0200 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T1.94 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-0300 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T1.96 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-0400 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T1.98 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-0500 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.00 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-0600 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.02 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-0700 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.04 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-0800 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.06 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-0900 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.08 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-1000 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.10 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-1100 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.12 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-1200 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.14 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-1300 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.16 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-1400 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.18 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-1500 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.20 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-1600 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.22 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-1700 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.24 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-1800 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.26 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-1900 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.28 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-2000 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.30 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-2100 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.32 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-2200 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.34 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-2300 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.36 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-2400 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.38 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-2500 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.40 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-2600 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.42 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-2700 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.44 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-2800 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.46 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-2900 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.48 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-3000 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.50 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-3100 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.52 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-3200 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.54 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-3300 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.56 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-3400 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.58 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-3500 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.60 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-3600 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.62 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-3700 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.64 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-3800 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.66 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-3900 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.68 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-4000 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.70 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-4100 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.72 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-4200 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.74 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-4300 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.76 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-4400 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.78 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-4500 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.80 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-4600 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.82 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-4700 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.84 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-4800 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.86 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-4900 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.88 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-5000 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T2.90 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-5100 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T1.74 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-5200 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T1.76 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-5300 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T1.78 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-5400 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T1.80 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-5500 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T1.82 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-5600 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T1.84 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-5700 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T1.86 |
52/1. | [1] | 146420-5800 | SHIM D9.5&3.0T1.88 |
54. | [4] | 146433-0100 | GASKET D12&6.4T1.00 |
55. | [4] | 146430-0420 | DELIVERY-VALVE ASSEMBLY |
56. | [4] | 146432-0000 | COMPRESSION SPRING |
58. | [4] | 146440-0220 | FITTING |
60. | [4] | 139106-0100 | FLAT-HEAD SCREW |
67. | [1] | 146501-7322 | GOVERNOR COVER |
67/1. | [1] | 146505-2122 | GOVERNOR COVER |
67/2. | [1] | 146515-2920 | CONTROL SHAFT |
67/3. | [1] | 146600-0100 | O-RING |
67/4. | [1] | 139310-0200 | PLAIN WASHER |
67/13. | [1] | 013020-6040 | UNION NUT M6P1H5 |
67/14. | [1] | 146621-1700 | UNION NUT |
67/15. | [1] | 146526-2800 | BLEEDER SCREW |
67/16. | [1] | 146526-2800 | BLEEDER SCREW |
67/27. | [1] | 146515-0800 | LEVER SHAFT |
67/78. | [1] | 146600-4400 | SEAL RING |
67/200. | [1] | 139308-0300 | PLAIN WASHER |
67/201. | [1] | 146545-3400 | THREADED PIN L53.00 |
67/201B. | [1] | 146545-3500 | THREADED PIN L55.00 |
67/201C. | [1] | 146545-3600 | THREADED PIN L57.00 |
67/202. | [1] | 139208-0900 | UNION NUT |
67/203. | [1] | 146600-1200 | O-RING |
72. | [1] | 146537-7820 | CONTROL LEVER |
72B. | [1] | 146537-7920 | CONTROL LEVER |
73. | [1] | 014110-5440 | LOCKING WASHER |
74. | [1] | 013020-5240 | UNION NUT M5P0.8H4 |
75. | [2] | 146614-0000 | BUSHING |
75. | [2] | 146614-0000 | BUSHING |
77. | [1] | 014010-5140 | PLAIN WASHER D12&5.5T0.8 |
78. | [1] | 146547-9120 | CONTROL LEVER |
95. | [1] | 146550-0220 | FULCRUM LEVER |
104. | [2] | 146568-0000 | SLOTTED SPRING PIN |
105. | [2] | 026508-1140 | GASKET D11.4&8.2T1 |
106. | [2] | 146588-0500 | COILED SPRING |
107. | [1] | 146569-0300 | UNION NUT |
108. | [1] | 146570-0420 | GOVERNOR SHAFT |
109. | [1] | 146600-0400 | O-RING |
110/1. | [1] | 146571-0000 | SHIM D20.2&8.3T1.05 |
110/1. | [1] | 146571-0100 | SHIM D20.2&8.3T1.25 |
110/1. | [1] | 146571-0200 | SHIM D20.2&8.3T1.45 |
110/1. | [1] | 146571-0300 | SHIM D20.2&8.3T1.65 |
110/1. | [1] | 146571-0400 | SHIM D20.2&8.3T1.85 |
110/1. | [1] | 146571-0500 | SHIM D20.2&8.3T1.15 |
110/1. | [1] | 146571-0600 | SHIM D20.2&8.3T1.35 |
110/1. | [1] | 146571-0700 | SHIM D20.2&8.3T1.55 |
110/1. | [1] | 146571-0800 | SHIM D20.2&8.3T1.75 |
111. | [1] | 146602-0600 | PLAIN WASHER D20&8.4T1.40 |
112. | [1] | 146572-0020 | FLYWEIGHT ASSEMBLY |
114. | [1] | 146602-0500 | PLAIN WASHER D17&6.4T1.60 |
115. | [1] | 146975-2600 | SLIDING SLEEVE |
116. | [1] | 146576-0200 | CAP |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-1800 | PLUG L2.10 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-1900 | PLUG L2.30 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-2000 | PLUG L2.50 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-2100 | PLUG L2.70 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-2200 | PLUG L2.90 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-2300 | PLUG L3.10 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-2400 | PLUG L3.30 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-2500 | PLUG L3.50 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-2600 | PLUG L3.70 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-2700 | PLUG L3.90 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-2800 | PLUG L4.10 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-2900 | PLUG L4.30 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-3000 | PLUG L4.50 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-3100 | PLUG L4.70 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-3200 | PLUG L4.90 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-3300 | PLUG L5.10 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-6700 | PLUG L2.2 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-6800 | PLUG L2.4 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-6900 | PLUG L2.6 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-7000 | PLUG L2.8 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-7100 | PLUG L3.0 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-7200 | PLUG L3.2 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-7300 | PLUG L3.4 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-7400 | PLUG L3.6 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-7500 | PLUG L3.8 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-7600 | PLUG L4.0 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-7700 | PLUG L4.2 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-7800 | PLUG L4.4 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-7900 | PLUG L4.6 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-8000 | PLUG L4.8 |
117/1. | [1] | 146577-8100 | PLUG L5.0 |
117/1. | [1] | 146877-0000 | PLUG L5.2 |
117/1. | [1] | 146877-0100 | PLUG L5.3 |
117/1. | [1] | 146877-0200 | PLUG L5.4 |
117/1. | [1] | 146877-0300 | PLUG L5.5 |
117/1. | [1] | 146877-4700 | PLUG |
117/1. | [1] | 146877-4800 | PLUG |
117/1. | [1] | 146877-4900 | PLUG |
117/1. | [1] | 146877-5000 | PLUG |
120. | [1] | 146579-0020 | RETAINING PIN |
122. | [1] | 146580-0200 | GOVERNOR SPRING |
123. | [4] | 139106-0200 | FLAT-HEAD SCREW |
130. | [1] | 146421-0020 | CAPSULE |
130/2. | [1] | 026508-1140 | GASKET D11.4&8.2T1 |
130/3. | [1] | 146422-0000 | BLEEDER SCREW |
130/4. | [1] | 146600-0500 | O-RING |
133. | [1] | 146600-0600 | O-RING |
134. | [1] | 146600-0700 | O-RING |
135. | [1] | 146110-0520 | CONTROL VALVE |
135/5. | [1] | 146114-0000 | SPRING WASHER |
136. | [1] | 146120-0020 | OVER FLOW VALVE |
137. | [2] | 139512-0500 | GASKET |
200. | [1] | 146206-0100 | COILED SPRING |
214. | [1] | 146542-1400 | BUSHING |
215. | [1] | 146542-1500 | BUSHING |
220. | [1] | 146592-1400 | COILED SPRING |
240. | [1] | 146650-4320 | PULLING ELECTROMAGNET |
240/8. | [1] | 146600-1700 | O-RING |
242. | [1] | 146662-0420 | WIRE |
243. | [1] | 146621-1000 | UNION NUT |
245. | [2] | 139512-0500 | GASKET |
246. | [1] | 027412-2440 | EYE BOLT |
275. | [1] | 146612-1000 | BRACKET |
276. | [2] | 010010-1640 | BLEEDER SCREW M10P1.5L16 4T |
308. | [1] | 146659-6900 | CLAMPING BAND |
329. | [1] | 146541-4900 | PLAIN WASHER D20&10T0.5 |
347. | [1] | 014110-6440 | LOCKING WASHER |
348. | [1] | 013020-6040 | UNION NUT M6P1H5 |
800S. | [1] | 146018-0920 | PUMP HOUSING |
800S/1/6. | [1] | 146601-0900 | PACKING RING |
800S/1/6. | [1] | 146601-0900 | PACKING RING |
804S. | [1] | 146232-0220 | COMPRESSION SPRING |
805S. | [1] | 146574-0120 | PARTS SET |
810S. | [1] | 146600-2420 | REPAIR SET |
821S. | [1] | 146210-5820 | ROLLER SET |
835S. | [1] | 146598-1000 | CAP |
836S/1. | [1] | 146598-0600 | CAP L18 |
836S/1. | [1] | 146598-0700 | CAP L21 |
836S/1. | [1] | 146598-0800 | CAP L24 |
836S/1. | [1] | 146598-0900 | CAP L27 |
903. | [1] | 146620-0120 | CAPSULE |
903/2. | [1] | 146600-1300 | O-RING &13W1.9 |
906. | [1] | 146964-4500 | NAMEPLATE |
Include in #2:
104740-0623
as INJECTION-PUMP ASSEMBLY
Cross reference number
Zexel num
Bosch num
Firm num
Name
Information:
Crankshaft
The crankshaft changes the combustion forces in the cylinder into usable rotating torque which powers the machine. A vibration damper is used at the front of the crankshaft to reduce torsional vibrations. The vibration damper can be of the fluid type or can be made of a flywheel ring and an inner hub, connected together by a rubber ring.There is a gear at the front of the crankshaft to drive the timing gears and the oil pump. Lip seals and wear sleeves are used at both ends of the crankshaft for easy replacement and a reduction of maintenance cost. Pressure oil is supplied to all bearing surfaces through drilled holes in the crankshaft. The crankshaft is supported by five main bearings.Camshaft
This engine uses a single, forged camshaft that is driven at the front end and is supported by five bearings. Each lobe on the camshaft moves a roller follower, which in turn moves a push rod and two valves (either exhaust or intake) for each cylinder.A gear on the rear of the camshaft is used to drive the balance gear and any accessory equipment mounted on the rear of the engine.Electrical System
The electrical system can have three separate circuits: the charging circuit, the starting circuit and the low amperage circuit. Some of the electrical system components are used in more than one circuit. The battery (batteries), circuit breaker, ammeter, cables and wires from the battery are all common in each of the circuits.The charging circuit is in operation when the engine is running. An alternator makes electricity for the charging circuit. A voltage regulator in the circuit controls the electrical output to keep the battery at full charge.The starting circuit is in operation only when the start switch is activated.The starting circuit of a "PC" engine can have a glow plug for each cylinder. Glow plugs are small heating units in the precombustion chambers. Glow plugs make ignition of the fuel easier when the engine is started in cold temperature.The low amperage circuit and the charging circuit are both connected to the same side of the ammeter. The starting circuit connects to the opposite side of the ammeter.
Never operate the alternator without the battery in the circuit. Making or breaking an alternator connection with heavy load on the circuit can cause damage to the regulator.
Charging System Components
Alternator (Delco-Remy)
The alternator is driven by V-belts from the crankshaft pulley. This alternator is a three phase, self-rectifying charging unit, and the regulator is part of the alternator.This alternator design has no need for slip rings or brushes, and the only part that has movement is the rotor assembly. All conductors that carry current are stationary. The conductors are the field winding, stator windings, six rectifying diodes and the regulator circuit components.The rotor assembly has many magnetic poles like fingers with air space between each opposite pole. The poles have residual magnetism (like permanent magnets) that produce a small amount of magnet-like lines of force (magnetic field) between the poles. As the
The crankshaft changes the combustion forces in the cylinder into usable rotating torque which powers the machine. A vibration damper is used at the front of the crankshaft to reduce torsional vibrations. The vibration damper can be of the fluid type or can be made of a flywheel ring and an inner hub, connected together by a rubber ring.There is a gear at the front of the crankshaft to drive the timing gears and the oil pump. Lip seals and wear sleeves are used at both ends of the crankshaft for easy replacement and a reduction of maintenance cost. Pressure oil is supplied to all bearing surfaces through drilled holes in the crankshaft. The crankshaft is supported by five main bearings.Camshaft
This engine uses a single, forged camshaft that is driven at the front end and is supported by five bearings. Each lobe on the camshaft moves a roller follower, which in turn moves a push rod and two valves (either exhaust or intake) for each cylinder.A gear on the rear of the camshaft is used to drive the balance gear and any accessory equipment mounted on the rear of the engine.Electrical System
The electrical system can have three separate circuits: the charging circuit, the starting circuit and the low amperage circuit. Some of the electrical system components are used in more than one circuit. The battery (batteries), circuit breaker, ammeter, cables and wires from the battery are all common in each of the circuits.The charging circuit is in operation when the engine is running. An alternator makes electricity for the charging circuit. A voltage regulator in the circuit controls the electrical output to keep the battery at full charge.The starting circuit is in operation only when the start switch is activated.The starting circuit of a "PC" engine can have a glow plug for each cylinder. Glow plugs are small heating units in the precombustion chambers. Glow plugs make ignition of the fuel easier when the engine is started in cold temperature.The low amperage circuit and the charging circuit are both connected to the same side of the ammeter. The starting circuit connects to the opposite side of the ammeter.
Never operate the alternator without the battery in the circuit. Making or breaking an alternator connection with heavy load on the circuit can cause damage to the regulator.
Charging System Components
Alternator (Delco-Remy)
The alternator is driven by V-belts from the crankshaft pulley. This alternator is a three phase, self-rectifying charging unit, and the regulator is part of the alternator.This alternator design has no need for slip rings or brushes, and the only part that has movement is the rotor assembly. All conductors that carry current are stationary. The conductors are the field winding, stator windings, six rectifying diodes and the regulator circuit components.The rotor assembly has many magnetic poles like fingers with air space between each opposite pole. The poles have residual magnetism (like permanent magnets) that produce a small amount of magnet-like lines of force (magnetic field) between the poles. As the