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Preferred Fuel Grades
The two main types of diesel fuel that are available for your truck engine are typically low sulfur No. 1 diesel fuel and low sulfur No. 2 diesel fuel. Although No. 2 diesel fuels are the most commonly used fuel, No. 1 diesel fuels or a blend of No. 1 diesel fuel and No. 2 diesel fuel is best suited for cold weather operation.There are three major differences between No. 1 diesel fuel and No. 2 diesel fuel.
No. 1 diesel fuel has a lower cloud point. The fuel cloud point is the temperature when a haze appears in the fuel. When the temperature falls below the melting point of the paraffins a haze results. Paraffins are a wax that naturally occurs in petroleum products. The wax can alter the fuel characteristics in cold weather. Solid wax can fill the fuel filters. The solidified wax will stop the flow of fuel. The cloud point must not exceed the lowest expected ambient temperature or other precautions must be taken. Installing a fuel heater is the most practical way to address problems with the cloud point.
No. 1 diesel fuel has a lower pour point. The pour point of the fuel is the temperature that is 3 °C (5 °F) above the temperature that is required for fuel to flow. Fuel stops flowing below the pour point. A fuel's pour point should be at least 6°C (10°F) below the lowest ambient temperature that is required for engine start-up and for engine operation.
No. 1 diesel fuel has a lower rating for kJ or Btu per unit volume of fuel than the average No. 2 diesel fuel.
Table 1
Fuel Recommendations for Ambient Temperatures
Fuel Type Temperature Range(1)
No. 2 Above 0 °C (32 °F)
No. 1 −30 °C (−22 °F) to 0 °C (32 °F)
(1) Contact your Caterpillar dealer for information regarding the acceptable fuels and/or the acceptable blends, if there is potential for colder operating temperatures.No. 2 diesel fuel may be blended with No. 1 diesel fuel or blended with kerosene in the following proportions in order to achieve the capability to flow at lower temperatures.
Table 2
Modification of No. 2 Fuel
Ambient Temperature No. 2 Diesel Fuel (%)(1) No. 1 Diesel Fuel(1)
Above −10 °C (14 °F) 90 10
−10 °C (14 °F) to −20 °C (−4 °F) 70 30
Temperatures below −20 °C (−4 °F) 50 50
(1) Never blend the fuel with gasoline under any circumstances.No. 1 diesel fuel does not have the same energy per unit volume as No. 2 diesel fuel. No. 1 diesel fuel has less energy per unit volume. A reduction in power and fuel efficiency may be noticed with No. 1 diesel fuel or a blend of No. 1 diesel fuel and No. 2 diesel fuel but other operating effects should not be experienced.Check the type of fuel or the fuel blend that is being used before troubleshooting for poor performance during the winter. Be aware of these values when you purchase diesel fuel. Anticipate the average outside temperature for the area for operation