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Failure to follow these oil recommendations can cause shortened engine life due to deposits and or excessive wear.
Total Base Number (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur Levels For Caterpillar Prechamber Combustion (PC) Diesel Engines
New engine oil must have a TBN of 20 times (for Precombustion Chamber engines) and ten times (for direct injection engines) the percent fuel sulfur as measured by ASTM D2896 method. Refer to the following chart.
Y=oil TBN shown by ASTM D2896. X=percent of fuel sulfur by weight. New oil TBN (1). Change oil when the used oil TBN limit (2) is reached.Caterpillar's 20 times rule for TBN (Reference: Oil and Your Engine, SEBD0640) versus fuel sulfur was a general requirement developed in the early 1980's for Cat prechamber combustion (PC) system engines. Caterpillar still maintains 20 times TBN value for PC engines when using API CE or CF-4 oil (related to fuel sulfur above 0.5 percent). Engines built prior to 1990 can continue to use single grade viscosity oil or commercial oils, provided the engine operates to user satisfaction.Fuel sulfur neutralization of new oil formulations in direct injection (DI) system engines are more effective. Field results indicate that direct injection combustion (DI) systems and the oils now recommended for those engines will operate at an oil TBN equal to ten times the fuel sulfur.Total Base Number (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur Levels For Caterpillar Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engines
The TBN for a new oil is dependent on the sulfur level of the fuel used. For direct injection engines running distillate diesel fuel, the minimum new oil TBN (by ASTM D 2896) must be 10 times the fuel sulfur level, and the minimum TBN is 5 regardless of sulfur level, see the chart below.TBN vs Fuel Sulfur for Caterpillar DI Diesel Engines
Y=oil TBN shown by ASTM D2896. X=percent of fuel sulfur by weight. New oil TBN (1). Change oil when the used oil TBN limit (2) is reached.In areas where the fuel sulfur exceeds 1.5 percent, choose an oil with the highest TBN that is within the API CF-4 or CG-4 categories, and shorten the oil change period based on oil analysis. The oil analysis should evaluate oil condition and wear metals. High TBN oils that are not within the API CF-4 or CG-4 categories can produce excessive piston deposits leading to a loss of oil control and bore polishing.
Operation at fuel sulfur levels over 1.5 percent may require shortened oil change periods to maintain adequate wear protection.
Lubricant Viscosity Recommendations
The proper SAE viscosity grade oil is determined by the minimum outside temperature at cold engine start up, and the maximum outside temperature during engine operation. Use the minimum temperature column on the chart to determine the oil viscosity required for starting a "cold soaked" engine. Use the maximum temperature column on the chart to select the viscosity for operation at the highest temperature anticipated. In general, use the highest viscosity oil available that still meets the start up temperature requirements. Synthetic Base Stock Oils
Synthetic base stock oils are acceptable