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Commercial Diesel Engine Oils
The performance of commercial diesel engine oils are based on API categories. These API categories are developed to provide commercial lubricants for a wide variety of diesel engines that operate at various conditions.If Caterpillar DEO (multi-grade) is not used, the following commercial oils are recommended.* API CG-4 Preferred* API CF-4 AllowedAPI CG-4 oils are preferred for Caterpillar engines because of the fuel sulfur level. API CG-4 is the only oil category that evaluates oils with engine tests utilizing 0.05 percent sulfur fuel.The following explanations of these API categories can be used to make the proper choice of a commercial oil. CG-4: This is the newest oil category. CG-4 oils were primarily developed for diesel engines that are operating on 0.05 percent sulfur diesel fuel. All of the laboratory engine tests for this category were run with 0.05 percent sulfur diesel fuel. This category also defines oils that have superior soot discrepancy. CG-4 oils will provide improved viscosity control and improved crankcase cleanliness in applications where oil soot is a problem. CG-4 oils will provide improved viscosity control and improved crankcase cleanliness in applications where oil soot is a problem. CG-4 oils should also be used in engines that contain hydraulically actuated fuel injection pumps; these are the first oils to pass industry tests for foam control and viscosity shear loss. CG-4 oils must also pass recently developed tests for metals corrosion, and wear. CG-4 oils can be used in all Caterpillar engines where CF-4 oils are recommended. CF-4 oils service a wide variety of modern diesel engines. This oil classification was developed with 0.40 percent sulfur diesel fuel. The fuel used in the CF-4 tests represents the type of diesel fuels commonly available world wide. CF-4 oils provide improved piston deposit control and improved oil control when compared to the CE category oils. CF-4 oils also provide improved soot dispersancy compared to CD or CF category oils.Some commercial oils meeting these API specifications may require shortened oil change intervals as determined by close monitoring of oil condition and wear metals (Caterpillar S*O*S Oil Analysis Program preferred).Consult with your Caterpillar dealer for the latest oil recommendations or refer to the following Caterpillar Supplements: SEBU6250, SEBU6251, and SEBU6385.
Failure to follow these oil recommendations can cause shortened engine life due to deposits and or excessive wear.
Total Base Number (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur Levels For Caterpillar Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engines
The TBN for a new oil is dependent on the sulfur level of the fuel used. For direct injection engines running distillate diesel fuel, the minimum new oil TBN (by ASTM D 2896) must be 10 times the fuel sulfur level, and the minimum TBN is 5 regardless of sulfur level, see the chart below.TBN vs Fuel Sulfur for Caterpillar DI Diesel Engines
Y=oil TBN shown by ASTM D2896. X=percent of fuel sulfur by weight. New oil TBN (1). Change oil when the used oil TBN limit (2) is reached.In areas where the fuel sulfur exceeds 1.5 percent, choose an